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《金字塔》　埃及

 

在还没有文字的时代，人类靠记忆在做记录。文字出现后，人们可以更详实地记载所发生的一切，让后人对前人的事迹，有了个可以追溯的通道。所以说，文字的出现，划分了“史前”和“历史”。

我们所说的西方美术史，一般上以欧洲为主体，但在文化的溯源上，却必须追溯到5 千年前在北非尼罗河流域发展出来的埃及文化。

这原因何在呢？

因为埃及的美术，无论是绘画、雕塑或建筑，和史前美术相比之下，在表现形式上有了可以延续和累积的‘风格’。

 

《Ramess II 的两座巨大雕像》 　第19王朝 Abu Simbel

 

埃及美术主要是建筑、雕像和壁画，主要是为了突显帝王的成就，埃及人认为帝王与神是合而为一的。

埃及人相信‘永生’，所有艺术的产生，都建立在‘死后的生命’这个信仰上。任何事物，只要加以再现，不论是利用雕雕塑或绘画，其生命就获得延续。

我们看到，最伟大的阿布辛贝尔（Abu Simbel）的Ramess II 雕像，是开凿一整座山而完成的。我们从埃及的雕像中也看到，人像的刻画，不论是直立或端坐，大部份都是正面平视前方，两脚并拢，两边对称，有一种永恒静止不动的美感。

 

《Rehotep 与 Nefret 雕像》　第4王朝 2620BC 埃及博物馆 开罗

 

埃及绘画多出现在金字塔内的壁画上，人物画法采用侧面脸、正面肩和侧面腿的表现手法。从绘画中我们可以看到埃及的美术风格倾向于高度的秩序、详尽、精准的描绘。

 

 

《抄写员 Nebamun 沿着尼罗河在纸莎草丛中猎鸟的情景》

第18王朝 Nebamun之墓 德拉亚布纳卡

 





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